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  Image: Geographic Location Direction Photo #: STS035-80-32 Date: Dec. 1990
Geographic Region: REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA
Feature: JOHANNESBURG

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  STS035-080-032 Johannesburg, South Africa December 1990
The city of Johannesburg and numerous mine dumps (crushed waste rock from the gold mines in the area) can be observed in this low-oblique, north-looking photograph. The mine dumps are rectangular, buff-colored patches. North of the city lies the sprawling, multipointed Hartbeespoort Reservoir, east of which lies the city of Pretoria (barely seeable). Johannesburg, besides being a gold mining center, is South Africa's manufacturing and commercial center. The city's major manufacturers produce cut diamonds, industrial chemicals, plastics, cement, electrical and mining equipment, paper and paper products, glass, leather products, food products, and beer. Founded as a mining settlement in 1886, when gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand (meaning "white waters ridge"--from waterfalls cascading down the white quartzite faces of the gold-bearing rock), Johannesburg has grown into South Africa's largest city. The city, at an altitude of 5750 feet (1754 meters), is located on the central plateau, which is an undulating grassland broken occasionally by highlands areas; it experiences a pleasant year-round climate.
 
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Images: All Available Images Low-Resolution 173k
Mission: STS035  
Roll - Frame: 80 - 32
Geographical Name: REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA  
Features: JOHANNESBURG  
Center Lat x Lon: 26S x 28.0E
Film Exposure: N   N=Normal exposure, U=Under exposed, O=Over exposed, F=out of Focus
Percentage of Cloud Cover-CLDP: 5
 
Camera: HB
 
Camera Tilt: 33   LO=Low Oblique, HO=High Oblique, NV=Near Vertical
Camera Focal Length: 250  
 
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: N   The direction from the nadir to the center point, N=North, S=South, E=East, W=West
Stereo?: Y   Y=Yes there is an adjacent picture of the same area, N=No there isn't
Orbit Number: 111  
 
Date: 19901209   YYYYMMDD
Time: 071005   GMT HHMMSS
Nadir Lat: 28.1S  
Latitude of suborbital point of spacecraft
Nadir Lon: 27.9E  
Longitude of suborbital point of spacecraft
Sun Azimuth: 92   Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point
Space Craft Altitude: 194   nautical miles
Sun Elevation: 51   Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point
Land Views: UPLAND, HILL, ESCARPMENT  
Water Views: RIVER, RESERVOIR  
Atmosphere Views:  
Man Made Views: URBAN AREA, MINING, AGRICULTURE  
City Views:  
Photo is not associated with any sequences


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