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Figure 7.6
This mosaic of two electronic still camera images (NASA ESC images S86E5097 and S86E5098) shows an increase in smoke density in southern Sumatra, Indonesia, on September 26, 1997, during the ENSO-related smoke crisis in Southeast Asia. Forested slopes cover the flanks of many volcanoes in the south of Sumatra; further north (left) forest fires can be seen as white wedge shapes that fan out from the fire source. In the north, a general pall of smoke obscures all the lower elevations of the landscape, leaving only the volcano summits protruding (lower left). Small masses of cloud appear as brilliant white patches. Accompanying data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data shows contours of the aerosol index, a relative measure of the ultraviolet albedo for different wavelengths in the UV spectrum. The white arrows indicate the approximate positions of the top and bottom of the mosaic, right on the boundary between clear air and the smoke pall. (Modified from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998a.)
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