STS-102 Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Debriefing with Crewmembers
April 24, 2001

INDIA, CHAD. LIBYA AND EGYPT
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India: Ganges Plain with ISS--panorama looking SE with Sunderbans (mouths of the Ganges).
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Chad: Aorounga impact crater has a diameter of 12.6 km and has been dated at less than 345 million years. The impact origin of the crater was confirmed in 1992. The crater is located in the > 10 m deep megagrooves curving around the southeastern end of the Tibesti Massif, Chad.
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Chad: This detailed view is of Emi Koussi (3415 m), one of several volcanoes of the Tibesti complex; Emi Koussi is the highest peak and forms the southern point of the shield-shaped massif. Tibesti volcanism has been generated by a mantle hotspot beneath Saharan Africa -- a mechanism that has been suggested for the construction of the Tharsis Bulge on Mars and great volcanoes such as Olympus Mons.
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Chad: Pic Tousside, Tibesti massif, Chad. Pic Tousside (3265 m) rises above much of the surrounding volcanic complex; lava flows radiate outward on the west side of the mountain. Bright, reflective evaporite deposits from a now-dry lake cover the floor of a nearby crater. Volcanic craters and flows are common features of the landscapes of Earth's Moon, Mars, and Io, one of Jupiter's moons.
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Libya: Saharan volcano and lava flows. Sand is encroaching upon and burying the lava flows -- a familiar landscape observed around the Tharsis Bulge of Mars.
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Libya: An old stream channel, incised into a plateau of layered bedrock, and other topographic features are gradually being filled or covered by windborne Saharan sands.
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Libya: Plateau of layered sandstone, escarpment with sand accumulation at the base and windblown sand streaming off the rim, great longitudinal dunes. Possible analogue for a much-discussed Martian process? Note evaporite deposits on scarp wall and cultivated lands extending up the slope.
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Egypt: Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert.
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Egypt: Egypt's New valley and Toshka Canal--detail.
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Egypt: Popcorn cumulus field with "streets" over vegetated Nile River delta.
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