STS-099 Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Photographic Highlights

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STS099-729-28

STS099-729-28         Click the photo number to access all resolutions available and the database record.

Izmit, Turkey -- Earthquake Fault: In August and again in November, 1999, strong earthquakes rocked the city of Izmit at the head of the Gulf of Izmit (lighter ground at far right edge of frame). The fault that ruptured during those events forms the sharp, straight, southern Gulf shoreline. Another active fault defines the southeastern shore of Lake Iznik (lower right). Magnitudes were M 7.4 and M 7.1, respectively, and horizontal displacements ranged from 1.5 to 5 m. The North Anatolian fault zone, of which the Izmit fault is part, marks the boundary between the Eurasian and Anatolian tectonic plates. Most of Turkey is on the Anatolian plate and is moving westward with respect to the Black Sea and the rest of Eurasia. This region is one of high seismicity; during historic times, earthquake foci have been moving progressively westward, increasing the risk to population centers such as Istanbul (center of view).

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