
STS086-705-27
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New Zealand: City of Christchurch and Banks Peninsula, South
Island, New Zealand. Banks Peninsula is a drowned volcano that was
active about 7 million years ago (Miocene). Where the rim has been
breached submerged portions of the old crater provide sheltered
harbors, such as Lyttleton and Akaroa, for freighters and other large
ships. Waimakariri is one of the great braided rivers that drain the
Southern Alps of South Island.
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STS086-723-79
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New Zealand: Mt. Cook and the Southern Alps, South Island, New
Zealand. Mt. Cook is the centerpiece of this photograph, with Tasman
glacier flowing down its southeast flank. The waters of Lake Pukaki,
which is fed by the Tasman and Murchison glaciers, contain rock that
has been ground to the consistency of flour by the ice; the suspended
rock flour gives the lake its lighter color (cf. Lakes Ohau, Hawea,
Wanaka). The Southern Alps of South Island have been uplifted along
the Alpine fault zone, which marks the boundary between the
Australian and Pacific tectonic plates of the Earth's crust. Mt. Cook
rises above 11,000 ft (3754 m) and occupies a point where the
straight segment of the Alpine fault zone begins to branch off into
southeasterly splays. Lakes Pukaki, Ohau, Hawea and Wanaka lie in
valleys formed by such faults.
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STS086-724-86
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Aldabra, Seychelles: Aldabra Is of the Seychelles (NW of
Madagascar). Assumption Is. (smaller and to the south has a runway
where researchers can land and travel to Aldabra. In common with
about half the other islands of Seychelles, the Aldabra Islands are
volcanic in origin. They were created by an uplift process where part
or all of a reef system may become land as a result of crustal
movements raising it above sea level. Mangrove forests are found on
the islands. The Aldabras were once rich in guano (deposits formed
from bird droppings), but it was almost all collected and sold for
fertilizer in the early 1950s. It is now famous for its giant
tortoises, and a nature reserve established in 1976 completely
protects them and other animals. The Aldabras were designated a World
Heritage Site in 1982. The islands were uninhabited in the late 20th
century. Tortoises are found in both the Old World and the New, but
the majority of the 40-odd living species are confined to Africa and
Madagascar. Of the giant tortoises native to about 30 islands in the
Indian Ocean, all are extinct except the group native to South
Aldabra Island. Giant tortoises attain very large sizes relative to
most other living turtles. One captive Gal pagos tortoise had a shell
length (measured along the curve) of about 1.3 m (4.25 feet) and a
weight of about 140 kg (300 pounds). Weights of about 180 kg have
been recorded for specimens from Santa Cruz Island.
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