ISS031 Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Photographic Highlights

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ISS031-E-148455
photo ID ISS031-E-148455
ISS031-E-148455         Click the photo number to access all resolutions available and the database record.
Toshka Lakes, Southern Egypt: Egypt’s Toshka Lakes were created in the 1980s and 1990s by the diversion of water from Lake Nasser through a manmade canal into the Sahara Desert. Flooding of the Toshka Depression created four main lakes (lower image) with a maximum surface area of about 1450 square kilometers—around 25.26 billion cubic meters of water. By 2006, the amount of stored water was reduced by 50 percent. In June 2012 (upper image), water filled only the lowest parts of the main western and eastern basins—representing a surface area of 307 square kilometers, or roughly 80 percent smaller than in 2002. Water is almost completely absent from the central basin.

From space, astronauts documented the first lake—the easternmost one—in 1998. The lakes grew progressively as water flowed further west into each depression, with the westernmost basin filling between 2000 and 2001. The two astronaut photographs above, both taken from the International Space Station, indicate that the lakes were largely depleted by mid-2012, whereas water levels were at their highest in 2002. For scale, the lakes extended 110 kilometers from west to east in 2002.

The more recent image shows lines of center-pivot agricultural fields near the east basin (upper image), which is nearest to Lake Nasser. Sunglint on the western lake makes the water surface appear both light and dark, depending on which parts of the surface were ruffled by the wind at the moment the image was taken.

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