Hurricane Katia off the Northeastern US Coastline: Hurricane
Katia had diminished to Category 1 strength on the Saffir-Simpson
scale by the time this astronaut photograph was taken, but it still
presented an impressive cloud circulation as its center passed the
northeastern coast of the United States on September 9, 2011. The
storm reached Category 4 strength earlier on September 5, making it
the second major hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season.
Katia remained over open waters of the Atlantic Ocean for all of its
lifetime, unlike two preceding storms of the season— Hurricane Irene
and Tropical Storm Lee—that both made landfall on the continental
U.S.The approximate center of Hurricane Katia is visible at image
right, with its outer cloud bands extending across the center of the
view. A small part of New York—including Long Island and the Hudson
River—is visible through a gap in the cloud cover. The Hudson River
has a chocolate brown coloration due to heavy loading with sediment,
a consequence of flooding and erosion of the upstream watershed by
precipitation from Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. A plume of
sediment is visible entering the Atlantic Ocean on the southern
coastline of Long Island, directly to the south of New York City
(partially obscured by clouds).
Crew members on the International
Space Station can take images like this one by looking outwards at an
angle through ISS windows—much like taking photographs of the ground
from a commercial airliner window, albeit from an average altitude of
400 kilometers (250 miles).