| ISS014 Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Photographic Highlights |
| TOP PICKS |
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| ISS014-E-8179 |
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| New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain: New Orleans sits within a
shallow depression underlain by unconsolidated (loosely settled)
river sediments. This location makes the city particularly vulnerable
to subsidence (sinking) and flooding. The average elevation of
metropolitan New Orleans is 1.8 meters below sea level, and a
complicated system of levees, pumps, and upstream control structures
on the Mississippi River is necessary to maintain dry conditions in
the city. Several processes are responsible for the ground
subsidence: groundwater withdrawal, reduction of sediment delivery by
the Mississippi River (spanning the lower part of the image) because
of flood control and other engineering, and land use changes, such as
draining of wetlands for development. The low areas can be flooded by
river floods, storm surges, or failure of levees holding back
surrounding lake waters—as demonstrated catastrophically during
Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In this astronaut photograph from November 16, 2006, sunglint—light reflected directly back to the camera onboard the International Space Station (ISS) from a water surface—accentuates the wetland setting of New Orleans by highlighting the numerous lakes, ponds, and rivers (in various shades of silver-gray) surrounding the city. The image was acquired by an astronaut looking southwest from the ISS, which was located over north-central Alabama at the time this image was taken. Lake Pontchartrain borders New Orleans to the north, and the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway (36 kilometers in length) appears as a dark linear feature against the lake surface. Variations in the color of the water east and west of the Causeway reflect movement of the surface waters, including surface currents and wind-induced roughening. The patterns are visible because of surfactants (natural or synthetic chemicals like detergents that reduce surface tension). Low cloud cover produces a blue-gray haze at lower left. |
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This service is provided by the International Space Station program and the JSC Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science Directorate. Recommended Citation: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center. "The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth." . |
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